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I?ll inform you right up front, this information in the ?longie.? But if you hang in there a see clearly all, I?ll guarantee you?ll learn plenty of stuff about why panic and anxiety attacks occur. And, obviously, your information inside your back pocket you may also learn to just throw them away.
In my opinion, the key anatomical player within the generation of panic and anxiety attacks is surely an almond-shaped, one-inch long grouping of nuclei (cluster of nerve cells) within the brain referred to as the amygdala. And exactly what do you know - the phrase ?amygdala? is really Greek for ?almond-like.? The amygdala is located within the temporal lobe (lower side) with the brain just a couple inches from each ear, inward and inside a direction toward the forehead. And it?s situated equally inside the all over the place hemispheres. The amygdala is really a card-carrying member with the brain?s limbic system, which is everything about the memory and motivation aspects of emotion. Its star players, for your immediate purposes, are, indeed, the amygdala, the hippocampus (long-term memory), as well as the hypothalamus (metabolism, hunger, thirst, fatigue, 24-hour life rhythms).
The amygdala is pivotal within our processing and retention of emotion and fear reactions. According to neuroscientist, Joseph E. LeDoux, Ph.D., the amygdala could be the kingpin in our ?general-purpose defense response control network.? It would make perfect sense, then, that this amygdala would move into vigorous motion in response to threatening sensory input, real or perceived. And if you?re an anxiety attack sufferer, don?t ever, ever, ever forget the words ?real or perceived.?
Now, catch this. Though the amygdala and our fear circuitry remain mega-mysterious, it?s a minimum of commonly accepted that what we perceive as fear is created by a really sophisticated two-way input system. And here?s the way it operates. Sensory input passes via a gateway inside the brain, a messenger hub as it were, referred to as thalamus. Conveniently, it sits right across the amygdala. The main function of the thalamus would be to transmit its received sensory data for the higher-centers with the brain for reasoned response. The primary people receiving these messages may be the thought and logic centers of the cerebral cortex (the approximately .10 inch outer layer - grey matter - from the brain associated with functions such as awareness, thought, language, and consciousness). However, while you?re planning to learn, the thalamus has other chat buddies.
When environmental input from my senses of sight, sound, taste, and touch reaches the thalamus, and extremely specific cues are analyzed, there looms a fork in the road. One little bit of pavement leads directly towards the amygdala, as the other got its sweet serious amounts of heads toward the cerebral cortex. And each of such destinations generates very different and extremely unique responses. By the way ? maybe you have noticed I neglected our sense of smell in the first sentence from the paragraph. And that?s because input from your sense of smell forgoes all the thalamus formality and shoots right into the amygdala, although amygdala doesn?t facilitate perception.
Now, if the amygdala gets to be a message it?s engineered to react by launching an intense physical response, the charge led by the secretion of the flood of stress and action hormones, such as cortisol and norepinephrine (a.k.a. noradrenaline). So this is the actual physical manifestation of fear that panic sufferers know all to well.
See - the amygdala doesn?t care whether it?s right or wrong, justified or otherwise; it receives input and fires. By the way ? the amygdala also sends messages on the brainstem to facilitate required adjustments in heartbeat and respiration in reaction to fear and stress.
Well, following the initial onslaught of environmental kaboom hits home the slower sensory messages through the thalamus finally hit the cerebral cortex, specifically the prefrontal cortex, the area in the very front in the brain accountable for executive functioning - the mental ability for and interpret information and formulate decisions. As this occurs, conscious and rational thought concerning the events accessible is generated. Yes - it?s within the prefrontal cortex how the fear stimuli are logically analyzed in great detail, the last assessment being sent for the amygdala.
Now, the prefrontal cortex must stay on high-alert and do its far better to ensure assessment accuracy because of its communication with all the areas in the brain associated with pain, pleasure, anger, aggression, and panic. Indeed, there?s a good deal on the line. And when it?s all said and done the amygdala ultimately got its version of appropriate action, which, from the way - if sufficiently convinced - range from restoration of calm. Ah ? this could be the panic sufferer?s dilemma, isn?t it?
Nonetheless, consider such a great ? miraculous, in reality - system this can be. I mean, the amygdala, the whole limbic system for instance, have their fear message which is prepping our bodies for immediate action. It?s taking no chances, because it elects to err along the side of caution. And while you consider these dynamics always remember that evolution presented us having a genetic make-up that leans toward the anxious. After the amygdala sends its message the prefrontal cortex takes enough time to calculate the complete nature of the threat. If sufficient evidence exists that there's no threat, the amygdala is told to chill-out. Again, what an incredible mechanism this truly is.
However, mainly because it refers to us there?s a significant drawback. In the face of fear, the amygdala could be the dominant of the two structures. And once the amygdala starts beating the drums it?s really tough for your prefrontal cortex to convince it to knock it off. And without practiced intervention it truly doesn?t stand much of the chance.
Oh ? yet another amount of quite crucial information that means much to us. The amygdala also impacts fear memory by knocking around the door with the hippocampus. This allows for the faster interpretation and action response the very next time around.
Wow - exactly what a protection device we possess. However, once more, this protection device presents a significant drawback because it allows you some leeway for gross misinterpretation of sensory input, ultimately causing inappropriate overreaction to truly harmless stimuli.
And that?s ab muscles foundation of panic!
For far more information check-out my website at
After a good and brutal bout with panic disorder, as well as a lasting recovery, I stumbled on find my passion. So I got my counseling credentials and am now doing all I can to assist others developing a rough time. I authored a anxiety attacks education and recovery eworkbook entitled, "Panic! ...and Poetic Justice," that is available by immediate download through my website Lots of proper stuff, and much more into the future.
Copyright 2009 Hope and Healing Dynamics
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